P （）refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

Semantics

In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.

Morphology

Syntax

Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.

Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.

Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.

A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.

Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.